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<BR><A HREF='/pr/info1.php/currentlanguage=en/modulecode=Info2'>Mayor of Bushat</A>
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<BR><A HREF='/pr/subpage.php/currentlanguage=en/noback=1/pagetype=/pagecode=Subpage_subpageInfo6School_Melgush'>School Melgush</A>
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<BR><A HREF='/pr/introduction.php/currentlanguage=en/modulecode=Intro'>Cultural Values</A>
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<br>Komuna Bushat Albania<br><strong>Vervang deze tekst door een korte krachtige tekst van u. Vertel hier in een paar woorden het doel van uw website.</strong><br><br>trefwoord1, trefwoord2,trefwoord3.... etcClimate conditions The commune is characterized by Mediterranean climate typical of flat northern places. The geographical position of the commune (located at the southwest extreme of the region of Shkoder, bordering on the Mountain of Kakarriq on the west, the Field of Zadrima on the east and the high mountains on its east which prevent cold continental winds from penetrating its territory) endows the member villages with the advantages of a wild climate which enables inhabitants to make their living through a number of economic activities. The mountain is mostly under the influence of air currents from the Adriatic. The flat relief of the field keeps winds at constant speed and determines their annual regime. There are about 2442 sunny hours annually (or about 327 days in a year) which represents a substantial source of renewable energy which can be used by households and industry. Winters are relatively mild, with remarkable Mediterranean characteristics. Only in rare cases temperatures below zero grades Celsius cause damage to crops. Wind blows from various directions, but predominantly from southeast, and northeast, however, north is not excluded. The local winds are murlani in winter, bringing dry weather and freezing temperatures and the rain bringing winds in spring and fall, such as, shiroku. In the summer, winds blowing from the Adriatic sea cools down the hot temperatures. Average winter temperature drops to -5 grades Celsius. The number of freezing days ranges from 20 to 30 annually. Summer is very hot. At the hottest month, temperature exceeds 35 grades Celsius sometimes reaching 40 degrees Celsius. However, mean temperature in the summer time is 24 degrees Celsius. The annual mean can be placed at 16-18 degrees Celsius. Annual amplitude is 17 degrees. Rainfall and its regime are related to the cyclonic and anti-cyclonic activity, the relief and the sea. <br>
Distribution of rainfall is unequal both over time and in space. More rainfall is recorded in the northern part of the Mountain of Kakarriqi and the Field of Barbullushi. More rainfall is seen in the coldest half of the year, about two thirds of the total amount. Rainfall is heaviest during the fall and winter, mainly as snowfall is a rare and short lived phenomenon. Sleet and hailstone are frequent and cause damage to farming. Annual amount of rainfall ranges between 1.500-1.800 mm. Number of days with rainfall is 107- 115 days annually. Snow layer varies from 8-20 cm and very rarely to 40-50 cm (the year 1985). Snow days are in the range of 5-6 a year. Sunny hours are 2.600 annually. Annual average humidity is 66% and minimal humidity (in the month of August) is 53-55 %. <br>
Overview Bushat An important part of the Region of Shkodra, the Commune of Bushat is located at a distance of 12 km south from the town of Shkoder. The commune borders are as follows: northeast on the River Drin, south and southwest on the Region of Lezha and northeast on the Commune of Berdice. The Commune of Bushat has an area of 100 km² and a population of about 25000 inhabitants (datafrom the Commune, 2007). Main revenue comes from agriculture and stock breeding. Agricultural land measures 5800 ha and is divided in accordance with law 7501 concerning Land Reform in the Republic of Albania. Land division has benefited about 19 000 inhabitants. Two important rivers pass through the territory of the commune. The River Drin crosses the villages of Stajkė, Kosmaē and Ashtė in their northern part and then joins the Buna River in Bahēallėk. The commune is also crossed by the River of Drini i Vogėl (Smaller Drin), which traverses the commune of Bushat at the villages of Stajkė, Plezhė, Shkjezė, Barbullush and Kukel. Before flowing to the sea, this river creates its delta in the Lezha Region. <br>
Business Opportunities and Resources for developmentThe Commune Bushat is ready for collaboration and cooperation with International Companies andserious investors.The commune of Bushat is traversed by a number of national roads. This makes the territory much more attractive, also for the local business and potential investors. The commune of Bushat is endowed with extensive resources which need to be used to the benefit of the community. A good part of these resources are being exploited, but still a greater part remains untapped due to absence of contemporary technologies. Some of these resources are:1. Arable land measuring 6.031 Ha. 2. Low, soft and fertile hills. 3. Possibilities to extract sand and gravel: 81 ha in the villages of Stajkė, Kosmac and Ashtė. 4. Extraction and manufacturing of stone for construction. 5. Manufacture of lime stones. 6. High quality clay for production of brick and tiles in Bushat and Melgushė. 7. High quality clay for production of cement in the villages of Plezhė and Shkjezė. 8. The two rivers passing through the territory of the commune. 9. The 36.5 km of national road traversing the territory of the commune. 10. The forest area in the territory of the Commune of Bushat is 1.381 ha, with the possibility to grow with efficient management.11. The commune has a swamp of 13 ha, which is home to a number of fauna species chiefly wild birds. 12. 2.600 sunny hours are an excellent opportunity for development and renewable source of energy. 13. Development of natural tourism, especially in the protected area which is known for its special values, but also along the river banks. <br>
<p><strong>Welkom </strong></p>Welcome at the website from the Commune Bushat Bushat district has 25,000 residents on the electoral register and is therefore one of the largest council constituents of Northern Albania, falling within the region of Shkodra. It is well established that the district of Bushat is situated within one of the poorest areas of Europe. In the recent years we realised many first-rate projects and the residents can now enjoy some of the essential utilities such as healthcare and a good water & electricity supply. Also we repaired many roads and some of our schools. Cooperation, urban development and above all dynamism based upon a democratic foundation are the tools with which the current Council of Bushat works. AsMayor from this Commune I am proud what we have realised the past years, and I believe that we are an outstanding positive example of acommune in its development phase. The past 15 years this commune worked hand-in-hand alongside with foreign NGOs from Spain, Italy, The Netherlands, Austria and Sweden. With this website we hope to inform you about the commune Bushat and our local government. A lot of information is coming about a recent report; Designing an Environmental Action Plan for the Commune of Bushat, implemented by the Regional Environmental Center (REC), Albania, fundend and supported by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation for Development. The Commune Bushat is ready for collaboration and cooperation with International Companies, and we are looking forward to find a European Partner Commune for sharing experience. Enjoy your visit at our site, and please contact us when you have questions.Zef Hila, Mayor Commune Bushat. <br>
<P style="MARGIN: 0em"> <P style="MARGIN: 0em" align=justify><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Lucida Unicode"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #000044"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000044"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Trebuchet MS"></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000044; FONT-FAMILY: Trebuchet MS"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Mirė se vini nė faqen e internetit nga Komuna Bushat </SPAN><BR><BR>Bushat qarkut ka 25.000 banorė tė regjistroheni zgjedhor dhe pėr kėtė arsye ėshtė njė nga mė tė mėdhatė e kėshillit constituents e Shqipėrisė Veriore, rrėzohet brenda rajonit tė Shkodrės. Ėshtė vendosur qė Bushat tė rrethit tė gjendet brenda njė nga zonat mė tė varfra tė Evropės. Nė vitet e fundit ne kemi realizuar shumė projekte tė klasės tė parė dhe banorėt e tani mund tė gėzojnė disa nga shėrbimet thelbėsore siē janė kujdesi shėndetėsor dhe njė strategji tė mirė tė furnizimit me ujė dhe energjisė elektrike. Gjithashtu kemi riparuar shumė rrugė dhe disa nga shkollat tona. Bashkėpunimi, tė zhvillimit urban dhe mbi tė gjitha dinamizėm demokratike bazuar nė njė fondacion janė mjetet me tė cilat e tanishme Kėshilli i Bushat punon. <BR><BR>Si kryetari nga Komuna kėtė unė jam krenar pėr atė qė ne kemi realizuar vitet e fundit, dhe unė besoj se ne jemi njė shembull pozitiv e pazgjidhura tė njė vendi nė fazėn e zhvillimit tė saj. 15 vitet e kaluara kėtė komunės punuar dorė mė dorė sė bashku me OJQ-tė e huaja nga Spanja, Italia, Hollanda, Suedia dhe Austria. Me kėtė website ne shpresojmė qė tė ju informojnė rreth komunės Bushat tona dhe pushtetit lokal. Njė shumė e informacionit ėshtė qė vijnė nė lidhje me njė raport tė fundit; "Hartimi i Planit tė Veprimit pėr Mjedisin e Komuna Bushat", implementuar nga Qendra Rajonale e Mjedisit (REC), Shqipėri, dhe e mbėshtetur nga fundend spanjolle Agjencia pėr Bashkėpunim Ndėrkombėtar pėr Zhvillim. Komuna Bushat ėshtė i gatshėm pėr bashkėpunim ndėrkombėtar dhe bashkėpunim me Companies, dhe ne i mirėpresim tė gjetur njė partnere komunės Evropian pėr ndarjen e pėrvojės. Shijojeni vizitėn tuaj nė faqėn tonė, dhe ju lutem na kontaktoni kur keni pyetje. <BR><BR>Zef Hila, kryetari Komuna Bushat </SPAN><BR> </SPAN></P> <br>
<P style="MARGIN: 0em" align=justify><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #000044; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #000044; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #000044; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">Welkom op de website van de gemeente Bushat<BR><BR></SPAN>Bushat district heeft een inwonersaantal van ruim 25.000 mensen en is daarmee een van de grootste gemeenten van Noord-Albaniė, dat valt binnen het district Shkodra. Zoals u wellicht bekend is, behoort de Gemeente Bushat tot een van de armste gebieden van Europa. Gelukkig zijn er velen die ons lot aantrekken en werken wij als Gemeente Bushat in nauwe samenwerking met de lokale bevolking, gedurende 14 jaar samen met Buitenlandse NGOs vanuit Zweden, Noorwegen, Italiė en Nederland. Zo zijn er de laatste jaren zeer veel mooie projecten gerealiseerd en hebben wij inmiddels betere toegang tot Eerstelijns gezondheidszorg, goede water- en elektriciteitsvoorzieningen en zijn er wegen en scholen opgeknapt. Samenwerking, groeikracht maar bóvenal daadkracht vanuit een democratische grondhouding zijn gereedschappen waarmee de huidige Gemeente Bushat werkt. <BR><BR>Als burgemeester van deze gemeente ben ik trots op wat we hebben bereikt de afgelopen jaren, en ik denk dat we een uitstekend en positief voorbeeld zijn van een gemeente in zijn ontwikkelingsfase. Door middel van deze website hopen wij u te informeren over de gemeente Bushat en onze lokale overheid. Veel informatie komt uit een recent rapport, "Het ontwerpen van een milieuactieplan voor de gemeente Bushat", uitgevoerd door het Regional Environmental Center (REC), Albaniė, gefinancierd en ondersteund door het Spaanse bureau voor Internationale Samenwerking voor de Ontwikkeling. De gemeente Bushat is klaar voor samenwerking met internationale bedrijven, en kijken we uit naar een Europese partner Gemeente om ervaringen te delen. Geniet van uw bezoek aan onze site en neem contact met ons op wanneer u vragen hebt. <BR><BR>Zef Hila, burgemeester gemeente Bushat. <BR></P></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN> <br>
Opening hour City HallMonday until Friday 8.00 till 14.00 o'clockSaturday 8.00 till 12.00 o'clockCommune BushatMainstreet BushatBushatTelephone: (00 355) 266 20194www.komuna-bushat.euinfo@komuna-bushat.eu <br>
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<p><strong>Diensten</strong></p>Mayor of Bushat Zef Hila, Mayor of the Commune Bushat. Elected on 6 may 2006 with 97 % of the votes. The main problem in the Commune Bushat is that the greater part ofthe community lives off less that two dollars a day. That is much below the poverty line. The only fight against poverty is to create jobs and attract serious investment. We can do this together with a strong local government, the habitants of the Commune and NGO's and above all dynamism based upon a democratic foundation.Stay in contact with me, and send me an email with the form below. <br>
<P style="MARGIN: 0em" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #800000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff">Burgemeester van Bushat </SPAN><BR><BR>Zef Hila, burgemeester van de gemeente Bushat. Gekozen op 6 mei 2006 met 97% van de stemmen. <BR>Het belangrijkste probleem in de gemeente Bushat is dat het grootste deel van de gemeenschap leeft van minder dan twee dollar per dag. Dat is ver onder de armoedegrens. De enige strijd tegen armoede is het creėren van banen en het aantrekken van grote investeringen waardoor werkgelegenheid kan worden gecreerd. We kunnen dit doen samen met een sterke lokale overheid, de inwoners van de gemeente, NGO's en vooral de dynamiek die gebaseerd is op een democratische basis. <BR><BR><BR>Blijf in contact met me, en stuur me een e-mail m.b.v. het formulier hieronder. <BR><BR></P></SPAN> <br>
<p><strong>Overview</strong></p>Education & Learning The commune of Bushat has 10 kindergartens, 13 primary schools, 8 elementary (nine year) schools and two secondary schools employing a staff of 185 teachers and a total of 5000 students.The area is noted for its education loving traditions. Throughout the years, a number of local intelligentsia has contributed to the various walks of life. The recent years have seen increasing levels of attention dedicated to environment. The schools have been intensively involved in environmental education and awareness building. A number of environmental NGO-s work with school children to remove waste from public places, whitewash tree trunks, sow young trees in the school yards, etc. Such activities are made possible thanks to awareness created by lessons taught as part of the program of the Green Package and Basics of Technology taught at the elementary level. As regards environmental education per se the introduction of the Green Package in the curricular programs (at the elementary level) is a step forward towards increasing environmental knowledge. This kind of education should be taught throughout the grades of the elementary schooling. In addition, environmental education should be made part of the teaching program at the secondary level as a cross curricular or optional subject.The last years the Commune Bushat reconstruct some of the schools. But at this moment there arenot anysportfacility atall, and most of our schools hasnot good toillets and drinkingwateravailablefor the pupils.We are looking forward for any help from foreign NGO's to reconstruct more schools and to create sportfacility's in good collaboration with our commune Bushat. The photo's in the slideshow left, shows how happy we are when we reconstructed a school. For our commune Bushat it is always a reason to celebrate together for the work we have done for our children. <br>
Health Centers in the CommuneThere are two health centers in the Commune, one in Bushat and the other one in Barbullush. These centers employ qualified personnel who are capable of responding to the health needs in the commune. The commune has 8 physicians and 35 nurses and midwifes. Medical service is available around the clock as the personnel works on three shifts. The two centers also have maternity facilities with qualified personnel capable of coping with birth problems. Both centers have lately been rehabilitated and equipped with the necessary material base. In addition to the two centers, in every village there is an ambulance (a smaller health unit). These units do a good job with providing the local population with out-patient services. However, these units need to be upgraded with new equipment and material bases such as refrigerators, emergency medications, instruments, basic furniture, etc. These units employ the services of nurses and midwife who, in addition to their professional job, do a great deal to improve health awareness through advisory and consultancy interactions with young mothers and household members especially as regards hygiene and sanitation requirements, etc. These services are of significant importance especially for the poor people in the villages. At the Health Center in Bushat there is also a laboratory facility to do blood and urine tests in normal situations,it is reconstructed to European Standard.The Photo slideshow on the right shows the situation before, and after reconstruction.For the Health- and First Aid center in Bushat we are looking for nurses anddoctorsfrom a European Country to learn and educate our Albanian staff and share experience. <br>
AgricultureThe area of Bushat has good quality land and favorable climate conditions which are the pre-requisites for productive and sustainable farming. The local population possesses long time experience both in farming and livestock which they have updated and improved and which forms the foundations of durable success for the future. The main branch of the economy is agriculture with development standards above the national average. The field area is very fertile and a number of small farms have been established combining agricultural with livestock production. In addition to cultivation of arable crops of all kinds (both in open air and in green houses), vine and fruit trees are also extensively cultivated. Animal breeding activities account for 9.075 heads of cows, 7.045 goats and sheep, 4.485 heads of pigs, 900 heads of perissodactyls, 62.500 heads of birds (chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, etc.) <br>
Nature and EnvironmentThe recent years have seen increasing levels of attention dedicated to environment. The schools have been intensively involved in environmental education and awareness building. A number of environmental NGO-s work with school children to remove waste from public places, whitewash tree trunks, sow young trees in the school yards, etc. Such activities are made possible thanks to awareness created by lessons taught as part of the program of the Green Package and Basics of Technology taught at the elementary level. As regards environmental education per se the introduction of the Green Package in the curricular programs (at the elementary level) is a step forward towards increasing environmental knowledge. This kind of education should be taught throughout the grades of the elementary schooling. In addition, environmental education should be made part of the teaching program at the secondary level as a cross curricular or optional subject. <br>
FreedomTell me, eagles, birds of the highlands, Do the rays of freedom shine upon those peaks, In the rugged mountain pastures and clearings Where springs of fresh water murmur in longing? Have you heard the echo of its anthem On your flights o'er the cliffs, Have you heard its comforting song? Tell me, eagles, birds of the highlands. Freedom, freedom, the mountains cry, But can we find it on the earth we ply, Or will slavery veil our every step? Fly, eagle, fly to horizons far away, The mountains surrounding Albania, survey, Tell us where freedom takes its source. Freedom is yours! We have iron bars, Yet we languish in the mists and sombre night, No one knows our name, stripped of our country, We are slaves of the strangers on our own soil. Like chattel sold to the butcher, we're driven, Crazed, by his cane where we don't wish to go, Sighs and lamentation on the lips of our people, Suffering and grief is the name of our land. The storm of highland heroes in vain Infiltrates the sleeping plain Like a bolt of lightning from the clouds. Crushed by cruel oppression and travail, Shake in their tombs to no avail The forgotten bones of Dukagjini and Scanderbeg the Hero.But no, the Albanian race has not been stamped out, Wearied by the beatings of a harsh enemy, Bowed by the darkness of servitude, It broods and waits for its sudden awakening. And behold, the flashing strokes of freedom Extend through the mountains, in stealth advance From hut to hut, yes, the shadow of Scanderbeg, A new spirit expands throughout the land. The mothers of Hoti tend cradles, childbed, Where fledgling young heroes are nurtured and fed On the milk of revolt. And high in the mountains, splendour regal, Claws outstretched, the Albanian eagle, Spreads its formidable wings. (1910-1911) <br>
Ndre Mjeda.Great writer and poet of Albanian literature. <br>
Cultural values in the commune of Bushat Parts of the Commune of Bushat have been populated from ancient times. Archaeological findings, toponyms and other archival documents in Albania, Venice and Turkey, as well as the old legends told from generation to generation, attest to the ancientness of these lands. The history of Bushat dates back a long time in history. In the centuries I-II mention is made of the dwelling place called the swamp of Marit which must have existed in the Illyrian Kingdom between the towns of Scodra and Lisus. The names of the villages are convincingly explained by toponymy and the oral stories of the local people. Heritage is made up of various natural and cultural objects, caves and other monuments. Cultural heritage is represented by laic and religious construction work, bridges, roads, monumental tombs, etc., but also by mosques and churches. These places are mentioned from ancient times, throughout the middle Ages and their traces have survived to the present times.Places of cultural heritage Since the century I-II the old palafi dwelling of the swamp of Marit is evidenced. This ancient dwelling stood on wide tree trunks floored with wood. These dwellings were typical of their time. They were built above water (rivers and lakes) in order to protect people from savage animals. Cemeteries over the hills of Mundia attend to the burial rites based on exhumation of corps. Obviously, this rite was borrowed since the Illyrian population is known to follow the rite of burying corpses in the tombs. In the Middle Ages, striking evidence is found of the tombs of Pashas whose traces are left along the River Drin track. In antiquity, there was a road which originated from two stations: Lezha and Shkodra. Both branches met at Vau i Dejės and from here the road progressed to Puka, Vau Spas, to Kosova. However, there is no evidence with regard to time of the road construction. The first segment was from Shkoder to Vau i Dejes, the second Lezhė-Vau Dejės-Pukė-Kosovė. The second branch passed from Lezha through Zadrima and met the branch coming from Shkodra in Vau i Dejes, where presumably there was a bridge. Among the most impressive buildings were the mansions of the Bushati family. The place of Mehmet Pasha Bushati, for instance, had a number of rooms, halls, ample cooking space and cellars. Also, there is reference in the literature of the Great Bath located close to the Palace of the Bushat family. Attached to the mansion was a large fountain. The Bushati family was a prominent family in Albanian history for pat of the Ottoman rule of the region. The family ruled the pashaluk of Shkodėr from 1757 to 1831. Their dominance of the Shkodėr region was gained through a network of alliances with various highland tribes. Even after the fall of the pashaluk in 1831, the Bushatis continued to play an important role in Albanian society. During the nineteenth century, Shkodėr was also known as a cultural centre and in the 1840s the Bushati Library was built. The roots of the commune Bushat, are started in history with the Family Bushati.Of the religious buildings mention can be made: The Church of Shen Shtjefni, among the greatest churches in Arberia, built in Barbullush, and the Churches of Shen Rroku, Shen Nikolli and Shen Gjergji. In addition there are the mosques of Bushati, Melgushi and Kosmaēi. The non-material culture of Bushat is part of the prestigious national culture. Besides the buildings, there are also other objects such as monumental tombs built for the Pashas (who ruled throughout history), work tools, weapons, jewelry, ceramic vessels, etc. Coins from the ruling period of King Gent have been found in the ancient ruins of Bushat. Jewelry and trinkets are of special value as they present clear links to the present day attire of Zadrima women. Bushati is the birthplace of a number of celebrities in the fields of culture, artists, writers, singers, and sportsmen, distinguished intellectuals in the economic and political walks of life in the country. In the village of Kukel, from the year 1906 and for 30 successive years lived and created Ndre Mjeda, the great writer and poet of Albanian literature. During his stay in this village, Mjeda wrote the poems Liria (Freedom), Andrra e jetės (Lifes Dream) as a good part of his creative fund. <br>
City Hall The CityHall of the Commune Bushat isreconstructed in 2004 under leadership of the current Mayor Zef Hila. The City Halllays on the mainroad from Bushat and within reach for all the small vilages wich are part of the Commune Bushat. The Commune Bushat is open every working day from 8.00 until 15.00 o'clock in the afternoon, and saturday only in the morning. The photo slide show right from this page you can see how it was, and how it is now. <br>
<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"> <DIV id=result_box dir=ltr><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #800000"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #800000">Bashkia e qytetit </SPAN><BR></SPAN><BR><SPAN style="COLOR: #000044">Tė Bashki e Komuna Bushat ėshtė konkurrojnė rindėrtuar nė vitin 2004 nėn udhėheqjen e tanishme Kryetari i komunės Zef Hila. Bashkia e qytetit tė shtrihet nė Bushat mainroad nga brenda dhe pėr tė gjithė tė arrijnė vilages vogla tė cilat janė pjesė e Komuna Bushat. Komuna Bushat ėshtė e hapur ēdo ditė pune nga ora 8,00 deri nė 15,00 tė pasdites, e shtuna dhe vetėm nė mėngjes. <BR><BR>Nė photo tregojnė diapozitivėsh-site nė tė djathtė tė faqes ju mund tė shihni se si ishte ai, dhe se si ėshtė kėto ditė.</SPAN></DIV> <P style="MARGIN: 0em" align=left><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><BR></SPAN></EMBED><BR></P></SPAN> <br>
<P style="MARGIN: 0em" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #800000">Gemeentehuis<BR></SPAN><BR>Het stadhuis van de gemeente Bushat is geheel gerenoveerd in 2004 onder leiding van de huidige burgemeester Zef Hila. Het gemeentehuis ligt aan de hoofdweg van Bushat en is binnen handbereik voor alle kleine dorpen die deel uitmaken van de gemeente Bushat. De gemeente Bushat is open op elke werkdag van 8.00 tot 15.00 uur in de namiddag, en zaterdag alleen in de ochtend. <BR><BR>Op de foto slide-show rechts van de pagina kunt u zien hoe het was, en hoe het nu is.<BR><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><BR></SPAN></EMBED><BR></P></SPAN> <br>
Overall analysis of development opportunities and challenges in the Commune of BushatThis analysis has been developed with the participation of working groups established by the Commune of Bushat as part of the process for the LEAP design. The purpose of the exercise was to identify opportunities and challenges faced by the local population towards achieving sustainable development. Special importance has been given to the analysis of natural resources and human capacity available in the area as the basis for future development, but also as a stock taking exercise to prepare local stakeholders to cope with potential risks and threats. Extensive interaction and consultation has taken place with members of the local community, the local businesses and members of the Youth Environmental Association established by the students of the Multiple Secondary School (where many programs are taught). This analysis will become the basis for future debates and discussions through which it will undergo constant improvements. It will be a resource tool for entrepreneurs and decision makers who wish to use their powers and capabilities to promote the development of the area. <br>
Characteristics of the relief and geographic location of the communeReliefThe commune is located on the Western Depression, subdivision of Shkodra Depression. The Shkodra Depression itself is made up of two parts: the Depression of Mbishkodra (Above Shkodra) and NėnShkodra (Under Shkodra) south of the town of Shkodėr. The Depression of NėnShkodra is made up of Fusha e Bunės (Field of Buna), stretching west, and Fusha e Drinit (Field of Drini) which lies east and comprises Fusha e Zadrimės (Zadrima Field) and Fusha e Drinit tė Madh (Field of Greater Drin). Part of Fusha e NėnShkodrės are also several hills irregularly spread out such as the hills of Bėrdica, Bushati, Kodheli, the hill chains of Rrenci and Kakarriqi. The Commune of Bushat is part of Fusha e NėnShkodrės. Its average height is 10-15 m above sea level. However, there are certain areas below sea level such as the marshland of Trushi i Poshtėm (Lower Trush), Plezha and Shkjezi. The highest peak is the Mount of Marēinaj 372m above sea level. The ground area of the commune consists of lime formations from the Mesozoic times and the Terrigenes from the Paleocene, Neocene and Quaternary periods. The greatest part is depositions from the Quaternary period, which build the entire field zone and are represented by alluvium and marshland depositions. <br>
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Change of population and demographic structuresThe commune of Bushat has a population of 22.762 residents and 5.827 households1 concentrated in 14 villages: Bushat, Barbullush, Rranxa, Stajkė, Kosmaē, Ashtė, Melgushė, Plezhė, Shkjezė, Kukel, Sumėz, Fshati i Ri, Hoten and Konaj. Composition of the population according to number and gender is presented in the following graph: <br>
In the last fifteen years, the number of the population has been almost stable, which shows that the number of those leaving the commune has been offset by those settling in the commune from other parts. The population is largely homogenous due to the small number of the new settlers. The incoming population can be put in two groups: those who settled at the time of the construction of the hydropower stations (due to the submerging of their homes by the HEC lakes) and those who settled in the area after the nineties. The incomers have contributed to the diversity of cultures and lifestyles. It should be pointed out that co-existence has always been exemplary. The commune has above 250 people with higher education, and the number of those with secondary education is very high.Territorial planning In the commune, as elsewhere in the country, transition created a number of problems. Among these, mention should be made of uncontrollable and extralegal buildings which hit the commune of Bushat, too. The main reason for people building in a chaotic and uncontrollable way was the need of the population for additional living space and the inability of the authorities to exercise control in the conditions of absence of a regulation plan. In order to manage the situation, to guide private initiative and respond to a growing need by the population for construction permits, the Commune authorities have launched the efforts to design the Territorial Regulation Plan. In addition to work from specialized working groups, the Plan has benefited from discussions with citizens and interest groups at the commune level. The plan accommodates housing needs, infrastructure works, public facilities, green belts, the green circlets of the villages, etc. The territorial plan and the Local Environmental Action Plan are mutually reinforcing and complementary to one-another and both promote development that is friendly to the environment and natural resources. <br>
Analysis of incomeIn 2007, the commune of Bushat generated income at 18.371.931 lek, of which the cleaning tariff collected from the population accounts for 1.166.500 lek. Of the overall revenue, about 3.000.000 lek have been used for environmental improvements allocated to creating green parks in the centers of the villages of Bushat and Barbullush; rehabilitating pavements; cleaning waste and garbage accumulated in public space; building flower plots and parks in Bushat, Rranxa, Barbullush; cleaning canals, etc. For the year 2008, cleaning services will be offered for the residential areas of the six biggest villages of the commune. An amount of 4.000.000 lek will be made from this service and an additional 1.700.000 lek will be collected in cleaning tariffs from businesses. In the transition years, a great number of young people emigrated abroad for a better life. Emigration, despite the numerous problems accompanying it, has considerably improved the economic standard for many households in the area. <br>
Infrastructure and roadsThe commune of Bushat is traversed by a number of national roads.The last four years the roadshave been asphalted, this makes the territory much more attractive. <br>
HuntingBushat has a shortage of environmental NGOs. Their activity would add value to environmental awareness and education of the local community. Environmental NGO-s might provide environmental knowledge and training for other civil society organization in the area. In Bushat there is the Jakup Bajri Hunters Association which numbers 126 members. However, there are 750 licensed hunting weapons in the commune, not to mention hunting weapons held without a permit. The association is making efforts to bring these people into the Association which would place hunting under control and allow local tax authorities to collect the hunting tax. In the entire area, hunting takes place in groups, mainly in the flat area: Mountain of Jushi, Zefjana, the Hills of Bushat, Plezha and Shkjeza, along the side of the Drin River (Stajkė Kosmaē segment). The commune is visited by foreign hunters, unfortunately even outside the hunting season. To prevent these actions and protect fauna in the region, certain legal steps and/or legal changes and amendments can be made. The enforcement of every hunter to appear before the Hunters Association to declare, in accordance with the law, their activity, destination and duration of hunting will not only provide them with legal authorization to hunt and the local authorities with power to collect the due tax, but will also give the individual hunters the opportunity to receive information about the zone they are hunting in. In addition, steps should be taken to make accountable to law all those individuals who keep hunting weapons without permission. To place the situation under control, legal powers can be vested with hunting authorities in the area to inspect, jointly with police and forest authorities, the use of hunting weapons. To protect flora and fauna from damage and disappearance, hunting should be banned for a three year period. The period will serve for the recovery of living organisms and the creation of new species populations. As a start, the Mountain of Jushi can be a pilot and then expand to the swamp of Gjinal bordering on Velipoja and work may continue with other parts. During the conservation time, the areas should be protected with guards. <br>
Stay in touch with Mayor Zef Hila <br>
School Barbullush Every day 700 childrenbe teached in this school. The school is divide in a elementary school and secondary school. The commune reconstructed recently the roof of the school and also the school is painted outside last summer. But the sitiuation is alarming on this school. There is no acces for drinking water and it is not possible for the children to go to normal toilets. The schoolyard is this word not worth and there is nothing to play or to sport normal. When it is raining the complete schoolyard is full with water. In collaboration with the Dutch Foundation Breath will we soonstart to reconstruct the toilets and the schoolyard. <br>
School Bushat <br>
Every day1000 children are be teached in this school. The school is divide in a elementary school and secondary school. The commune reconstruct the school in 2004/2005 complete, on the Photo Slideshowright you can see before and after.The schoolyard in front of the school is at this moment alarming, but has good possibilitys for sport. With any help from abroad we can make a beautifull schoolyard with all the possibilitys for the pupils to play sport. Fortunately the Albanian youth loves to play all kind of sports. <br>
School Melgush The school of Melgushbe situatedbehind the mountain of Bushat. There are 300 pupils going every day to the school. The school is reconstructed in 2004/2005. The situation at that time was very alarming. We think that this school is a possitive example for all the schools in our commune Bushat, but we are missing the budget to realise this for all the schools.The Slideshowon the right sideshows how it was before, and how it is at this moment. <br>
IrrigationSince the first and second level canals were almost totally destroyed, the World Bank offered to provide loan resources to rehabilitate them under the Irrigation Management Project. Some of the requirements under the project were: Establishment and regular functioning of the Association of Water Users; Membership of farmers in the association; Cost sharing by community at the rate of 3.000 lek /ha. Whereas the first two requirements were met, since 1999 community contributions were not collected for a long time. A rethinking of the whole scheme with the participation of actors and stakeholders in the process in 2007 led to a 100 % collection of contributions for an area of 2.000 ha land. The collected resources will be invested in the second level canals. Thanks to cooperation with the Project Management Unit, a number of 13 irrigation projects have been implemented, totaling about 2 million USD. Given the ample water reserves of the area and the rehabilitation of first level canals (28 km), and second level canals (64 km), to a scale of 100 per cent, there is ground for optimism that complete irrigation will be possible for the 3.000 ha, in all 14 villages of the commune of Bushat in 2008 and the coming years.Types of fishing and aquaculture initiatives in the areaDespite the ample water reserves and the rivers and canals which pass through the area, the available water resources have not been utilized for fish cultivation with the exception of 2-3 households primarily motivated to meet their fish demands. However, waters in the territory of the commune are known for fish species like carp, eel, jack fish, etc. In the conditions of running water as is the case of the Bushat Drin, there are opportunities for the cultivation of fish. However, such undertakings are in need of support, both financial and technical. <br>
Land division and agricultureAgriculture is dominated by a great number of farms, relatively large population, small size of the farms (average 1.1 ha) and fragmentation of the land averagely in 4.4 plots/per farm, as well as large distance from homes, ranging from 1 to 5 km. These represent issues which cause problems and obstacles to the growth of land productivity and improvement of the efficiency of the agriculture sector. The smallest size farms are in the villages of Stajkė and Kosmaē where land allocated per capita is the also the smallest. In the villages of Bushat and Rranxa the inhabitants have occupied considerable areas of land extra legally (not in accordance with the Law No. 7501 concerning land; in Bushat the occupied area measures 140 ha or 28%, in Rranxa 440 or 34%). Division of land in plots for families based on capita has rendered difficult the use of agricultural machines on large scale. On the other side, continuous migration movements both internally and externally have created a situation in which large areas of land are not being used efficiently. These factors have combined to restrain the development of the credit system for farmers, agricultural marketing and agri-processing industries. In addition, the negative impact has been seen in direct foreign investments in the agriculture sector, which are totally absent in this area. Even local farmers have preferred to invest in building houses, rather than in improving production. The area of Bushat has good quality land and favorable climate conditions which are the pre-requisites for productive and sustainable farming. The local population possesses long time experience both in farming and livestock which they have updated and improved and which forms the foundations of durable success for the future. <br>
Medicinal plantsIn the Mountain of Jushi thrives a large variety of medicinal plants in a wild state. For many years now, local people collect medicinal plants as a source of income. In addition to people living in the vicinity of the mountain, medicinal plants are collected by residents in other villages. This uncontrollable exploitation has caused damages to the plant vegetation. The use of irresponsible methods and the setting of fires in the mountain, something which happened repeatedly during the summer of 2007, negatively impacted the various shrubs, sage, juniper, thyme, etc. Plants collected by local people are bought mainly for export by specializing companies. The area is particularly rich in sage and thyme of high quality. These plants are in demand by the European and American markets. Last year, according to data from the companies which buy medicinal plants from the local people, the following amounts have been collected: about 1.400 kv wet mass of sage; 10 kv of milk thistle, 6 kv juniper berries; 70 kv thyme; 11 kv clover from the meadows, and lesser amounts of nettle, hollyhock, hawthorn, etc. Sage, is bought in its raw condition, dried or liquidized.Quality of air in the communeAs is easily noticed, the quality of the air in the commune of Bushat is good. This is due to the fact that there is no industrial activity, i.e. no factories, works or other establishments that emit carbon dioxide and sulphur in the atmosphere. Although no scientific assessments have been carried out, it is easily perceivable with the naked eye that the quality of the air is better than in the towns and cities. However, although air is largely considered to be clean, there are activities which cause pollution to the environment. <br>
ProductivityFarmers face numerous difficulties when it comes to use of mechanics in agriculture. In the last twenty years, a considerable number of tractors and other faming machines have been imported. However, the farmers are not yet in possession of the latest machines. They are forced to pay very high lease for various machines needed to do different processes in farming such as plowing, sowing, harvesting, transporting, etc. According to locally collected data, there is one tractor for 50 ha of land. These obstacles combine with other negative issues such as flooding, land occupation, unstable land market, fodder sowing, etc., the result of which is that 60 % of the land is left barren. As the area is used for animal breeding, farmers have little or no interest in procuring more and better machines for cultivating the land. At the commune level, 80 % of the farmers purchase seeds and chemical fertilizers. Among the inputs used in faming, the greatest cost goes to chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, given the poor quality of imported fertilizers in Albania, effectiveness suffers still more. In the case of fully irrigated fields sown with corn, the complete range of fertilizers from nitrates to super-phosphates is used. The amounts used vary from 8-10 kv/ha, whereas in the case of wheat the amount is lower at 4-6 ha kv/ha. The same situation is with regard to fodder plants.Water reserves The territory of the commune of Bushat is in possession of these water reserves: -a- The Drin River as it runs from Spathari to Beltojė, over 3 km in length and width ranging from 300- 800 ml. This segment of the river also marks the northern border of the commune. The south end of the commune is marked by the villages of Stajkė, Kosmac and Ashtė. Water flow in this river is subject to the water regime in the lake of the HEC in Vau I Dejes. -b- The branch of the Bushati Drin from Stajka to Kukel, is about 18 km long and passes through the villages of Stajkė Plezhė, Bushat, Shkjezė, Barbullush and Kukel. It mostly feeds on the River Drin streaks and less on rainfall precipitations. -c- The system of drainage canals in the area, represented by canals/collectors of the first, second and third tier.Areas at flood risk and system of protection from floodsDrainage of agricultural land in the commune of Bushat relies on the free flow of waters. This means that the safeguards from floods are represented by the three level canals into which water flows freely first into the third (and highest) level, second and first level canals which carry water into Vilun (the lagoon) and subsequently into the sea, without the use of pumping stations. The area covered by canals is about 4.500 ha. An additional area of 1.550 ha is drained into the Bushat Drin as it traverses Lezha to run into the sea. The Drainage Board supplies the following information with regard to the length of canals in the Commune. There are 28 km first level canals, 70 km second level canals, 260 km third level canals. The highest damn in the area was built 40 years ago. It is 3 km long and 4 meters high and stretches from the village of Stajkė to Beltojė. During the transition years, damage was caused to the damn and other related systems as well. The damn in particular suffered damages as the local population tried to make short cuts to various points of destination. Even houses were built in the area of the damn. Further damage was caused by extraction of primary materials from the river bed and even by efforts to deviate the rivers natural flow. Illegal tree felling, including on the river banks contributed to erosion. Above everything else, the uncontrollable release of water from the HEC in Vau Dejės has increased the threat of the river to the local population especially in Ashtė. Numerous floods have been recorded over these 18 years of transition in which the river washed off houses, animals, food reserves and peoples possessions. Studies and analyses of the area in high risk of flooding indicate that the following parts of the commune should receive priority attention: a) The area along the damn running from Stajkė to Ashtė, in particular the village of Ashtė (urban part);b) The southern part of the Commune territory with about 1.100 ha land including the villages of Rranxa, Mali i Jushit, Fshati i Ri, Hoten, Barbullush and Kukel. The main cause of the floods is heavy rainfall over relatively short periods of time. The drainage canals in levels I, II and III fail to take in the intense streaks of water due to accumulation of alluvium, waste, wild vegetation and debris that have not been cleaned for the last 10-25 years. Another factor is the low height of these lands from the sea level (2-3m)4; c) The other area at risk by floods is represented by the villages of Plezhė, and Shkjezė, the waters of which are supposed to run into the Bushat Drin which has been cleaned up only as far as Gjadėr. The Commune plans to clean it up from Gjadėr to Stajkė in the near future. <br>
In flood times, emergency groups have been established to estimate damages caused at individual, village and commune level. Another function of these groups has been to identify causes and prevent the recurrence of these natural calamities. However, despite efforts at the local level the Government has in no case provided economic support to afflicted families. Even measures to prevent future floods have not been sufficient and adequate, including as regards the rehabilitation of drainage canals. The recurrence of floods almost every year in the recent years has caused more of the land surface to be washed off. The fact that the land remains underwater for longer periods causes serious damages to the physical structure and degradation of the land. This situation forces farmers to leave the land uncultivated and give up the cultivation of valuable crops.Use of agricultural land, productivity and economic benefitsThere is no specific structure at the Commune level to attend to problems related to crop cultivation or stock breeding. For this reason, there are no data available at the local level. Data supplied in this document, were taken from the Agriculture Statistical Annual for 2006-2007. In addition, surveys were conducted with farmers throughout the villages of the commune. <br>
The above table shows productivity of plants sown in the area. The productivity rate is low as the cost of production is high. Consequently, profits so far have not been satisfactory. Thus, it can be said that production of melon in 2006 yielded good income for the farmers who cultivated it. However, in 2007, there was super production of melon which was sold in the area of the commune and beyond but at prices much lower than in the previous year and therefore the income made was not satisfactory to melon producers. Given the good work for the maintenance of level II canals in the farming-intensive area of the commune (accounting for 3.000 ha), starting from the good income made by the sale of corn in 2007, it can be said that future prospects for corn producers are promising, which may lead to a growth, both in terms of the cultivated area and yielded product. As seen from the above table, fodder plants represent almost half of the farms land. This is a sign that many of the farms have a combined agricultural and livestock orientation. The greatest amount of fodder plant is consumed by cows which are bred for milk production to cover household needs, but also to sell the surplus on the market. Milk is the only product which has not seen an increase in price. More than half of the rural households survive on income made from selling milk. As regards fruit, vines and olives, cultivated areas have only seen inconsiderable growth despite the pledge of the government to support the farmers who engage in extensive cultivation. The reason relates to lack of access to markets and underdeveloped agribusiness sector, which does not provide guarantee that the farmers investment will be paid back and their efforts rewarded.Employment in AgricultureAccording to data from the Civil Register Office, the Commune of Bushat has 22.762 inhabitants with 5.827 households. The ratio between males and females is almost equal. Each household has averagely 4 members. About 60% of the population is able- bodied and capable of work. Although there are no accurate data on the number of self-employed people in agriculture, it can be said that manual labor has been reduced. Rural households use agricultural machines to do the hard part of the work. A small fraction is done manually and the workload per day does not qualify for a full working day. Starting from the limited area of land possessed by households, the number of animals is also limited. A good fraction of the land is sown with fodder for animals. Consequently only a limited number of people are actually involved in genuine farming work. This situation prompts people to seek employment in other sectors, such as construction, public administration even in emigration. In the conditions of small scale farming economies, income made is limited. To boost the sector, the government needs to make available subsidies for certain agricultural crops and activities. Other policies that may be enforced relate to encouraging farmers to work together to avoid the small and unproductive farms and build market chains to take the products to the markets.Drainage systemAbout 1.200 ha land in the territory of the commune is under constant drainage. In the recent years these lands have been very productive because the third tire canals have been maintained. First and second tire canals are also being cleaned and rehabilitated. The lands benefiting from drainage are 4-7 meters above sea level. With democratic changes and the transfer of ownership to the farmers, a plot of land of 10 ha may be owned by 10-25 farmers. In these 17 years, the third level canals were never cleaned collecting alluviums, wild vegetation, solid waste; This has decreased their depth from 1.1 -1.3 m to 50-70 cm. In the case of drainage embedded to 80 cm depth, they have almost disappeared completely which makes them an investment lost. Under these circumstances farmers got together to open up canals using mechanic tools. The effort proved successful and the drainage system became efficient. An efficient drainage system requires: 1. Setting time schedules for cleaning first and second level canals by the Drainage Boards at least every four years. 2. Enforce the legal obligation for farmers to clean third level canals every year. 3. If the cleaning is not adequately handled by the Drainage Board, then the option should be considered according to which farmers may purchase an excavator and leave it to the commune to administer.Irrigation Since the first and second level canals were almost totally destroyed, the World Bank offered to provide loan resources to rehabilitate them under the Irrigation Management Project. Some of the requirements under the project were: Establishment and regular functioning of the Association of Water Users; Membership of farmers in the association; Cost sharing by community at the rate of 3.000 lek /ha. Whereas the first two requirements were met, since 1999 community contributions were not collected for a long time. A rethinking of the whole scheme with the participation of actors and stakeholders in the process in 2007 led to a 100 % collection of contributions for an area of 2.000 ha land. The collected resources will be invested in the second level canals. Thanks to cooperation with the Project Management Unit, a number of 13 irrigation projects have been implemented, totaling about 2 million USD. Given the ample water reserves of the area and the rehabilitation of first level canals (28 km), and second level canals (64 km), to a scale of 100 per cent, there is ground for optimism that complete irrigation will be possible for the 3.000 ha, in all 14 villages of the commune of Bushat in 2008 and the coming years. Types of fishing and aquaculture initiatives in the area Despite the ample water reserves and the rivers and canals which pass through the area, the available water resources have not been utilized for fish cultivation with the exception of 2-3 households primarily motivated to meet their fish demands. However, waters in the territory of the commune are known for fish species like carp, eel, jack fish, etc. In the conditions of running water as is the case of the Bushat Drin, there are opportunities for the cultivation of fish. However, such undertakings are in need of support, both financial and technical. <br>
Among wild birds mention can be made of the eagle, sparrow, hawk, seagull, awl, bat, etc. Among wild animals is the fox, the wolf, the marten, the turtle, the hedgehog, etc. The Drin River is home to ducks, geese, snakes, frogs, water turtles, etc. The damage of forests afflicts both the flora and fauna. Some of the species are disappearing such as the wild rabbit, the woodcock, etc. due mainly to uncontrollable hunting both inside and outside the protected area, during the hunting season and outside the season, etc. <br>
Forest area and related problems The territory of the commune of Bushat has 1.436 ha which is classified as forest land and is under administration by the Directorate of Forest Services in Shkoder. The forest land is located in: - flat terrain on the gravel area (by the side of the River Drin measuring 342 ha) - hill area (the Hills of Zefjana with about 226 ha, Plezhė 45 ha and Shkjezė 21 ha) - mountainous area (The mountain of Jushi with 802 ha). The flat terrain was mainly forested with poplar trees. During the transition years, these forests were totally destroyed. Parts of the area are currently in a process of self forestation mainly with willow trees. However, this process is constantly interrupted by the uncontrollable extraction of gravel from the river bed. Law enforcement is necessary in order to guarantee the protection of the reforested areas. In the hilly area, mention should be made of the forest plots in Zefjanė (about 16 plots) with about 226 ha. This area was sown with pine trees (190 ha), which were felled and burned during transition. Once these plots have passed into Commune ownership, the local authorities will take steps to populate it with pine and other trees adapted to the climate conditions in the area. In the mountainous area, mainly Mounts of Jushi and Kukel, forestation was spontaneous with trees typical for the area such as oak, juniper, ash trees, hornbeam, wild pomegranate, etc. Under the socialist system, these forests were damaged by the local population who extracted firewood in wintertime, but was recently reforested. The summer of 2007 was fatal for most forests in Albania. Fire-setting caused the burning of these new forests. Only an area of 62 ha, forested around the years 85-90 was protected by the owners and represents now the green circlet of the entire area. However, the owners have only been protecting the forest from the felling of trees and intentional fire setting, while they are unable to maintain and manage these natural resources. <br>
Geological make up: As regards structural characteristics such as lithological, morphological and morphogenetic features, the Mountain of Kakarriqi is similar to the Mountain of Rrenci. Regarding its genesis, this mountain is part of the great structure of para-mountainous wrinkles which sank and were covered by the sea at the beginning of the Miocene age. At the subsequent periods, specifically during the Plio-Quaternary age, like the whole of the Albanian territory, the mountains area was swept by rising tectonic movements which resulted in the emergence of the Mountain of Kakarriqi (alongside the Mountain of Rrenci) in the form of a mount spine. The Mountain of Kakarriqi was characterized by powerful tectonic movements accompanied by sectional separations which affected the Shkodra depression. These separations interrupted the sectional movements happening southwards, thus resulting in block mosaics (horst-graben). Due to the new tectonics, the old structures of the area of Kruja, too, happened to split and separate by creating horsts and grabens south of the Shkodra Depression. The Kruja horts and grabens are similar to the horst of Barbullushi which is divided by the graben of Zadrima and Kakarriqi. Part of the Shkodra Depression, this mountain is the contact zone between the old and the new tectonics and an unstable area characterized by seismic activity, too. It was due to normal tectonic splits that the structure of the mountain received its block character. The spits are also responsible for the asymmetry of the mountain sides. The western side falls steep on the field of Kakarriqi, whereas the eastern side falls more bluntly on the field of Zadrima. The rock at the root of the Mountain of Kakarriqi is made up of lime stones encountered in the area of Kruja since Cretan times. Relief: The Mountain of Kakarriqi represents an anti-synclinal spine lying parallel to the coastal line with a Dinaric orientation, i.e. northwest-southeast. It is a narrow mountain with asymmetric sides. This longitudinal anti-synclinal horst borders on two grabens, the one of Zadrima on the east and the one of Torovica on the west. The spinal mount is flat apparently due to neogenic erosion which was worked by more recent phenomena such as the carstic and denuding ones (which created cones, creases, scrapers, holes and caves). These phenomena were aided by a system of ground streams and streaks running down the mountain spine. The carstic processes are responsible for the present landscape of the mountain. The carst development is also aided by the direct emergence of the limestone rocks in the surface and the poor vegetation of the area. It can be asserted that these two factors have the greatest role in these developments. On the northwestern direction, the mountain narrows down significantly, whereas on its central part, the height reaches its most. Average height ranges from 160 to 350 m. The highest mount is Marcinaj with 372 m above sea level. The Mountain of Kakarriqi has two passes which connect it with the bordering fields. Of these two gorges, Qafa e Jushit (the Jushi Gorge) is the most important. Horizontal and vertical fragmentations have been at work at insignificant rates. The hills of Bushati, Barbullushi and Plezhė-Shkjezi are mainly of low height and are seen as small islands in the field of Zadrima. Certain peaks are distinguished: Zefjana (249 m), Kodėrletaj (70.4 m), Kodra Hoxhės (100.5 m), Kodėrloc (78.6 m) and Guri i Dragonit. <br>
Geographical regionalization The relief of the commune is divided in several parts: 1. Field of Zadrima 2. Chain of Kakarriqi 3. Hills of Bushati, Barbullushi, and Plezhė-Shkjezi. 1. Field of Zadrima In the genuine ethnographic sense, this field spreads from the eastern side of the Mountain of Kakarriqi and the hills of Bėrdicė - Bushat Barbullush to the western side of the hilly spine of Hajmel. Southwards, it spreads up to Lezha, where it gets significantly narrow while on its northward spread it reaches up to the flow of the River Drin. In the physical and geographic sense, the field of Zadrima lies approximately from Lezha (south), to Field of Guri i Zi and Field of Rrenci on the right bank of the River Drin (north) covering a space of 30 km length and 6-10 km width. Geological make-up: Like the other fields of NėnShkodra, this field, too, is located on a graben depression which is responsible for its flat and very low position. During the Plio-quaternary period, Albanias relief was involved into a rising movement which resulted into the emergence of the Mountain of Rrenci and Mountain of Kakarriqi. Therefore, the fields of Kakarriqi and Zadrima remained in the flat part. Geological make up is represented by molassic tortonians and terrigenes. Relief peculiarities: The field of Zadrima represents a synclinal depression of 10-15 m above sea level. The field has an inclination towards the north (in the direction of the River Drin) and towards the west, too, (in the direction of the Lezha Drin). The level rises towards the east. A number of villages have been established on the field such as Barbullushi, Bushati, etc. In the past, the field was a marshland which was flooded often by the rivers of Drin and Gjader. In the year 1954, the area was drained and the field was improved which involved the deviation of the River Drin in the vicinity of the Mjedė village. A number of irrigation and drainage canals were built, like the one of Vau i Dejes Bushat, etc. Presently, the field is an important agricultural resource. 2. The Mountain of Kakarriqi (or the Mountain of Barbullushi) occupies the southwestern part of the commune. It borders on the north with the southernmost extreme of the Field of Trushi, on the south with the Lezha Drin (its right bank), on the west with the Field of Kakarriqi or the field of Torovica (separating the Mountain of Kakarriqi from its twin, i.e. the Mountain of Rrenci), and on the east with the Field of Zadrima. The southern part of this mountain serves as a natural border of the Commune with the Region of Lezha. Within these border points the mountain is 18 km long and 1 km wide. The shape of the mountain is longitudinal and runs parallel to both the Mountain of Rrenci and the coastal line of Albania. Its north and south extremes are marked by the villages of Trush (Shkodra) and Balldren (Lezha) and its eastern and western points are respectively the villages of Barbullush (Shkodra) and Torovica (Lezha). At the foot of the mountain, a number of villages have been built like Trush, Fshat i Ri (New Village), Mali i Jushit (Jushi Mountain) Barbullush and Hoten. <br>
From Bushat to Velipoja BeachFrom Bushat you can drive in half an hour to Velipoja Beach. The beautiful beach of Velipoja stretches to the South East of the of the City, 30 km from it. The beach is 14 km long and 300 m wide offering great advantages to the development of tourism. This seaside is a pearl of the Albanian nature where the sea, the river, the beach with its unexploited sand and clear crystal water, the forest, the lagoon and the mountains combine to form a harmonious landscape. Velipoja offers great chances to hunters too. It has curative climatic conditions as it is the newest beach in Albania. The average is above 25c only for 100 days each year. If you choose Velipoja beach to relax, it will not fall short of you expectations. You can swim, sail, go hunting rabbits, wild pigs, pheasant, and wild ducks, in short, you will get amused. The ones who are fond of fishing can go to the sea of Viluni River to catch trout. Some bungalows, hotels and luxurious houses with all the necessary accommodations have recently been built. The shops offer the customers a wide choice. In the restaurants, the clients can choose either European or Albanian dishes. The public, health and post-telecommunication services are at the required level. Shkodra and Commune Bushat inhabitants are in the summer time daily visitors of the beach. The Albanians like to visit their own beautiful beaches. The Velipoja Reservoir The surface area of the reservoir is 694 km. In this zone there are four big marshes and 182 hectare of high pines and swamp poplar trees. Ducks of different varieties especially the red-head ones are subject to hunting. In the forest there are al lots of other animals such as turtles, rabbits, gewgaws, foxes, etc. The natural plants and fowls that live in this marsh quietly and spontaneously are quite rare in Albania. <br>
<br> Nieuws <br>Latest news from the Commune Bushat <br><DIV> </DIV><br></body>
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